Generating content objects using an integrated development environment

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are examples of systems, apparatus, methods, and computer program products for generating content objects using an integrated development environment. In some implementations, an integrated development environment is displayed. A request to generate or update an educational content object can be processed, and a presentation including metadata selection options can be provided. After a selection of one of the metadata selection options is received, the presentation can be updated. A different request is received from a rich text editor provided in a new presentation, and the new presentation can be updated.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure as it appears in the United States Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

An Application Data Sheet is filed concurrently with this specification as part of the present application. Each application that the present application claims benefit of or priority to as identified in the concurrently filed Application Data Sheet is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety and for all purposes.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This patent document generally relates to development and creation of web content. More specifically, this patent document discloses techniques for creating web content using an integrated development environment.

BACKGROUND

“Cloud computing” services provide shared resources, applications, and information to computers and other devices upon request. In cloud computing environments, services can be provided by one or more servers accessible over the Internet rather than installing software locally on in-house computer systems. As such, users having a variety of roles can interact with cloud computing services.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The included drawings are for illustrative purposes and serve only to provide examples of possible structures and operations for the disclosed inventive systems, apparatus, methods and computer program products. These drawings in no way limit any changes in form and detail that may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosed implementations.

FIG. 1 shows a system diagram of an example of a system 100 for generating content objects using an integrated development environment, in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of an example of a method 200 for generating content objects using an integrated development environment, in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 3 shows an example of an environment for generating content objects using an integrated development environment, in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 4A shows an example of a user interface 400 a in the form of a graphical user interface (GUI) as displayed on a computing device for selecting a type educational content object to create, in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 4B shows an example of a user interface 400 b in the form of a GUI as displayed on a computing device for adding a title to an educational content object, in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 4C shows an example of a user interface 400 c in the form of a GUI as displayed on a computing device for selecting metadata selection options, in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 5 shows an example of a user interface 500 in the form of a GUI as displayed on a computing device presenting educational content objects, in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 6 shows an example of a rich text editor as part of an integrated development environment, in accordance with some implementations.

FIGS. 7A and 7B show educational content objects displayed in user interfaces, in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 8A shows a block diagram of an example of an environment 10 in which an on-demand database service can be used in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 8B shows a block diagram of an example of some implementations of elements of FIG. 8A and various possible interconnections between these elements.

FIG. 9A shows a system diagram of an example of architectural components of an on-demand database service environment 900, in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 9B shows a system diagram further illustrating an example of architectural components of an on-demand database service environment, in accordance with some implementations.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Examples of systems, apparatus, methods and computer-readable storage media according to the disclosed implementations are described in this section. These examples are being provided solely to add context and aid in the understanding of the disclosed implementations. It will thus be apparent to one skilled in the art that implementations may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, certain operations have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring implementations. Other applications are possible, such that the following examples should not be taken as definitive or limiting either in scope or setting.

In the following detailed description, references are made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the description and in which are shown, by way of illustration, specific implementations. Although these implementations are described in sufficient detail to enable one skilled in the art to practice the disclosed implementations, it is understood that these examples are not limiting, such that other implementations may be used and changes may be made without departing from their spirit and scope. For example, the operations of methods shown and described herein are not necessarily performed in the order indicated. It should also be understood that the methods may include more or fewer operations than are indicated. In some implementations, operations described herein as separate operations may be combined. Conversely, what may be described herein as a single operation may be implemented in multiple operations.

Some of the disclosed implementations of systems, apparatus, methods and computer program products are for generating content objects (unit objects, module objects, path objects, project objects, quiz objects, challenge objects, etc.) using an integrated development environment.

In a conventional web publishing system, educational content is manually coded for proper display and formatting to the end user. For example, after a content writer finishes writing new educational content, the content writer sends the educational content to a developer that creates the code necessary for proper display of the new educational content. This process leads to delay (multiple iterations of feedback and review, identifiers need to be manually created, etc.) and errors (non-compliant characters, build errors, schema errors, and other syntax/style errors).

Using some of the disclosed implementations, instead of relying on a developer, the content writer can use an intuitive integrated development environment to create educational content objects. The integrated development environment, e.g., a customizable web publishing framework, guides a content writer through a step-by-step process of creating path objects, module objects, project objects, etc. For example, a user that wants to create a new unit object can write the content in their text editor of preference, copy the content, and paste the content into a rich text editor of the integrated development environment. The content can be automatically converted and configured for proper use by an end user. Consequently, the amount of delay and error due to multiple iterations of feedback and review, identifiers being created manually, non-compliant characters creating build errors, or schema errors can be mitigated by using some of the disclosed implementations.

These and other implementations may be embodied in various types of hardware, software, firmware, and combinations thereof. For example, some techniques disclosed herein may be implemented, at least in part, by computer-readable media that include program instructions, state information, etc., for performing various services and operations described herein. Examples of program instructions include both machine code, such as produced by a compiler, and files containing higher-level code that may be executed by a computing device such as a server or other data processing apparatus using an interpreter. Examples of computer-readable media include, but are not limited to, magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tape; optical media such as CD-ROM disks; magneto-optical media; and hardware devices that are specially configured to store program instructions, such as read-only memory (“ROM”) devices and random access memory (“RAM”) devices. These and other features of the disclosed implementations will be described in more detail below with reference to the associated drawings.

In some but not all implementations, the disclosed methods, apparatus, systems, and computer-readable storage media may be configured or designed for use in a multi-tenant database environment.

The term “multi-tenant database system” can refer to those systems in which various elements of hardware and software of a database system may be shared by one or more customers. For example, a given application server may simultaneously process requests for a great number of customers, and a given database table may store rows of data such as feed items for a potentially much greater number of customers. The term “query plan” generally refers to one or more operations used to access information in a database system.

A “user profile” or “user's profile” is generally configured to store and maintain data about a given user of the database system. The data can include general information, such as name, title, phone number, a photo, a biographical summary, and a status, e.g., text describing what the user is currently doing. As mentioned below, the data can include messages created by other users. Where there are multiple tenants, a user is typically associated with a particular tenant. For example, a user could be a salesperson of a company, which is a tenant of the database system that provides a database service.

The term “record” generally refers to a data entity, such as an instance of a data object created by a user of the database service, for example, about a particular (actual or potential) business relationship or project. The data object can have a data structure defined by the database service (a standard object) or defined by a user (custom object). For example, a record can be for a business partner or potential business partner (e.g., a client, vendor, distributor, etc.) of the user, and can include information describing an entire company, subsidiaries, or contacts at the company. As another example, a record can be a project that the user is working on, such as an opportunity (e.g., a possible sale) with an existing partner, or a project that the user is trying to get. In one implementation of a multi-tenant database system, each record for the tenants has a unique identifier stored in a common table. A record has data fields that are defined by the structure of the object (e.g., fields of certain data types and purposes). A record can also have custom fields defined by a user. A field can be another record or include links thereto, thereby providing a parent-child relationship between the records.

FIG. 1 shows a system diagram of an example of a system 100 for generating content objects using an integrated development environment, in accordance with some implementations. System 100 includes a variety of different hardware and/or software components that are in communication with each other. In the non-limiting example of FIG. 1, system 100 includes a content service 104. Content service 104 includes packaging objects 108, at least one API 112, at least one content service database 116, and a release preview and process interface 120. Other components of system 100 include enterprise learning system 124, production databases 128, integrated development environment 130, version control service 132, and validation rule 136.

Users 102 a-102 f can include a variety of users associated with a variety of roles and/or permissions. Examples of users may include at least one business user 102 a, at least one technical user 102 b, at least one content generator user 102 c, at least one validation user 102 d, at least one release management user 102 e, and at least one learning user 102 f. In some implementations, release management can include releasing new educational content to enterprise learning system 124 provided by one or more of users 102 a-102 e. Examples of devices used by users 102 a-102 f include, but are not limited to a desktop computer or portable electronic device such as a smartphone, a tablet, a laptop, a wearable device such as Google Glass®, another optical head-mounted display (OHMD) device, a smart watch, etc.

Content service 104 may control some communication with other components of system 100. This communication may be facilitated through a combination of networks and interfaces. Content service 104 may handle and process data requests from users 102 a-102 f of system 100. For example, content users 102 a and 102 c can generate educational content objects using integrated development environment 130 and have those additions/changes stored in content database 116 or production database 128. In addition, changes are synchronized with content management system (e.g., Github®) using import/export features of integrated development environment 130. In some implementations, content service 104 facilitates the automatic release of hierarchical content objects using release objects. In some implementations, release objects allow users to modify educational content, add educational content, edit and/or update educational content, update the version of a release object, and preview educational content. In some implementations, a release object can include a pending version, e.g., content is not accepted; an open version, e.g., content can be accepted; a review version, e.g., content is locked, and only special authorized users can make changes; a released version, e.g., content was made live to the enterprise learning system; a canceled version, e.g., content was not made live to the tutorial platform; and an archived version, e.g., content was live but has been archived. In other implementations, customers of the enterprise learning system may create custom versions tailored to their specific needs. For example, if a customer had a two-tier review process, one user may set the version of a release object to “initial version,” and another user may later set the version of the release object “completed version.”

An authorization service may be used to determine who can build, preview, or publish content using integrated development environment 130. Multiple modes of access to production content can exist, which can be based on private authorization or public authorization. In still other implementations, a secure asset service can be used to protect intellectual property, e.g., files, images, video, and other media. APIs 112 can also be used to connect to an external content management system/repo like Github for importing/exporting data and metadata. Also or alternatively, a caching layer can be used for quick access to the content in integrated development environment 130 and making automatic saves to changes to the content of integrated development environment 130. In some implementations, access to APIs 112 can be restricted to an appropriate set of users. For example, a user with permission to create new educational content objects would have access to APIs 112.

In some implementations, a user of enterprise learning system 124 may have two different authorization identities. This can allow multiple modes of access to educational content, which can be based on private authorization or public authorization. For example, one authorization identity can be a set of access credentials based on a profile of an identity platform, e.g., single sign on platform, social network platform, CRM computing platform, etc. The other authorization identity can be a set of access credentials associated with enterprise learning system 124 or integrated development environment 130. In some implementations, enterprise learning system 124 can query the set of access credentials from the identity platform and map those credentials and/or permissions with credentials associated with enterprise learning system 124. In other implementations, authorization includes two levels of authorization, for instance, functional authorization and record authorization. Functional authorization can include access to API 112 to control the release of release objects, e.g., approval, incomplete, etc. Record authorization can include access to one or more portions of educational content to be released, e.g., title, name, etc. Record authorization can also control which users can access the educational content on the enterprise learning system, e.g., public view and/or private view.

Integrated development environment 130 can include a variety of components to allow for the quick and easy creation of hierarchically arranged educational content objects. The educational content objects can be created declaratively, e.g., unit objects created based on pop up indicators for generating the next unit object in sequence, assessments like multiple choice question quizzes, and hands-on exercises. In addition, integrated development environment 130 can be configured to allow for secure asset integration to keep files, images, or video from being previewed by the public. Educational content objects in progress can be previewed using production web styles applied automatically. Moreover, all changes including those through a rich text editor can be automatically saved to a client side cache for quick access and manipulation.

FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of an example of a method 200 for generating content objects using an integrated development environment, in accordance with some implementations. FIG. 3 shows an example of an environment for generating content objects using an integrated development environment, in accordance with some implementations. A specific implementation will now be described with reference to the flow diagram of FIG. 3 and the environment of FIG. 3.

In block 204 of FIG. 2, an integrated development environment is displayed at user device 304 a of FIG. 3. For example, FIG. 4A shows an example of a user interface 400 a in the form of a graphical user interface (GUI) as displayed on a computing device for selecting a type educational content object to create, in accordance with some implementations. FIG. 4A includes user interface 400 a which might be displayed after a user selects a hyperlink for the integrated development environment from another webpage. User interface 400 a can display a message such as “What do you want to Create?” along with educational content objects 402 a-402 c that may be selected by a user.

In block 208 of FIG. 2, user device 304 a of FIG. 3 sends a request to create educational content object 308 a to server 312. Also or alternatively, user device 304 a can send a request to update content object 308 a. In some implementations, the request is received from a user using an integrated development environment. In the example of FIG. 4A, a user can select from educational content objects 402 a-402 c. In FIG. 4A, educational content object 402 a is a module object, educational content object 402 b is a path object, and educational content object 402 c is a project object. In other implementations, different educational content objects are displayed as part of user interface 400 a. Examples of other educational content objects include path objects, module objects, unit objects, project objects, quiz objects, badge objects, super badge objects etc. In some implementations, a user selects educational content object 402 a, which causes the user's user device to send a request for a module object to a server. In other implementations, a user selects educational content object 402 a and user interface 400 b of FIG. 4B. FIG. 4B shows an example of a user interface 400 b in the form of a GUI as displayed on a computing device for adding a title to an educational content object, in accordance with some implementations. In FIG. 4B, a user may be prompted with a message such as “Start typing to add a title” included as part of title field 404. Upon typing a title such as “Learning Product Basics” into title field 404, a user may select a button 408 with the text “Add title to create.” In some implementations, selection of button 408 causes a user device to send a request to a server to generate an educational content object with the title “Learning Product Basics.” In other implementations, a user selects a button to import an educational content object, e.g., an import button on a webpage for the integrated development environment or an import button appears upon hovering over a previously generated educational content object.

In some implementations, many requests to add educational content objects can be received from different users. For example, user device 304 b of FIG. 3 can send a request to create educational content object 308 b. In this case, after receiving the request, a first level of a hierarchical structure corresponding to educational content object 308 a can be identified, and based on the identified level of content object 308 a, a level can be determined for educational content object 308 b. As such, educational content object 308 b is generated such that educational content object 308 b is associated with educational content object 308 a according to the hierarchical structure. For example, if a path object is identified by server 312, server 312 can also determine a level corresponding to the path object, e.g., Level 1 of a multi-level organizational hierarchy. Similarly, when a module object is identified by server 312, server 312 can determine a level corresponding to the module object, e.g., Level 2 of a multi-level organizational hierarchy. Levels of hierarchies may be represented in a variety of ways, for instance, an ascending numerical scale, e.g., 1-5; a descending numerical scale, e.g., 5-1; an alphabetical scale, e.g., a-z; etc. In other implementations, a first level may be determined in relation to another level. For example, if two educational content objects are identified, server 312 can determine that the first content object, e.g., a path object, is higher in the organizational hierarchy than the second content object, e.g., a module object.

In block 212 of FIG. 2, a presentation of educational content object 308 a of FIG. 3 is provided to user device 304 a. In some implementations, a first presentation includes a variety of metadata selection options associated with the educational content object. After selecting button 408 of FIG. 4B, user interface 400 c of FIG. 4C can be displayed on user device 304 a of FIG. 3. FIG. 4C shows an example of a user interface 400 c in the form of a GUI as displayed on a computing device for selecting metadata selection options, in accordance with some implementations. In FIG. 4C, user interface 400 c includes metadata selection options 410 a, 410 b, and 410 c, as well as corresponding buttons 412 a, 412 b, and 412 c. In the example of FIG. 4C, metadata selection option 410 a is a level selection option, metadata selection option 410 b is a role selection option, and metadata selection option 412 c is a visibility selection option.

In block 216 of FIG. 2, server 312 receives a metadata selection option from user device 304 a. In FIG. 4C, a user selects “Beginner” for radio button 412 a from the other options of “Intermediate” and “Advanced.” In some implementations, as a user selects “Beginner” for radio button 412 a, any other selection is removed, e.g., “Intermediate” is selected by default, and when the user selects “Beginner,” the selection for “Intermediate” is removed. In some cases, many metadata selection options are included as part of block 216 of FIG. 2. In the example of FIG. 4C, a user can select “Business User” for radio button 412 b from among the other options of “Admin” and “Developer.” In contrast to radio button 412 a, a user selecting an option for radio button 412 b can select more than one option, e.g., “Admin” and “Developer.” Next, a user can select button 412 c to indicate whether the module object is for internal or external consumption. In the example of FIG. 4C, button 412 c is a toggle that switches between “Yes” and “No.”

In block 220 of FIG. 2, the presentation of block 212 is updated. In some implementations, the presentation is updated in response to processing a metadata selection option. For example, FIG. 5 shows an example of a user interface 500 in the form of a GUI as displayed on a computing device presenting educational content objects, in accordance with some implementations. In FIG. 5, a user has created a path object titled “Start your app cloud deal” with the description “Start building by learning.” In addition, a user has created a module object 502 titled “Force.com Selling Basics” with unit objects 504 a, 504 b, and 504 c. Unit object 504 a is titled “Learning product basics,” unit object 504 b is titled “Understanding the value,” and unit object 504 c is titled “Knowing the buyer.” Unit Objects 504 a, 504 b, and 504 c can be displayed in user interface 500 in the sequence that they are to be performed by an end user. In some implementations, the content of each unit object builds on top of an earlier unit, e.g., learning the content in unit object 504 a prepares the user for learning the content in unit object 504 b. A user can create a new unit object by selecting button 512, which sends a request to create a unit object to server 312 of FIG. 3 (as discussed earlier in block 204 of FIG. 2). Similarly, a user can create a new module object by selecting button 506 of FIG. 5, which sends a request to create a module object to server 312 of FIG. 3.

In some implementations, after selecting path object 402 b of FIG. 4A, instead of user interface 400 c of FIG. 4C being displayed, user interface 500 of FIG. 5 is displayed. Similar to metadata selection options 410 a, 410 b, and 410 c of FIG. 4C, user interface 500 of FIG. 5 includes metadata selection options 510 a, 510 b, 510 c, 510 d, and 510 e. In the example of FIG. 5, metadata selection option 510 a is a visibility selection option (e.g., external or internal), metadata selection option 510 b is a role selection option, metadata selection option 510 c is a level selection option, metadata selection option 510 d is a product selection option, and metadata selection option 510 e is a tag selection option. For example, a user may select metadata selection option 510 c and choose from the options of “Beginner,” “Intermediate,” or “Advanced.” In another example, a user selects an option for metadata selection option 510 b, e.g., “Admin,” “Business User,” or “Developer.” In this example, a user can also select button 511 a to add an additional selection for metadata selection option 510 b, e.g., “Business User” and “Developer.” In one more example, a user can add as many tags as desired for metadata selection option 510 e using button 511 c. The tags can concern keywords associated with the path object, for instance, “Apps,” “Cloud,” “Selling Basics,” etc. In some implementations, metadata selection options 510 a, 510 b, 510 c, 510 d, and 510 e are preconfigured drop down menus with the options previously created by an employee of the integrated development environment. For example, metadata selection option 410 d may be a drop down menu for adding metadata about products associated with a path object or a module object, e.g., Force.com.

In block 224 of FIG. 2, server 312 of FIG. 3 provides another presentation of educational content object 308 a to client device 304 a, or server 312 provides a presentation of a new content object to user device 304 a. In some implementations, the presentation includes a rich text editor configurable to receive data associated with the educational content object. In other implementations, each time any change in user interface 500 of FIG. 5 is made, e.g., a change to metadata selection options 510 a, 510 b, 510 c, 510 d, and 510 e or by adding a badge 514, the presentation of user interface 500 can be updated in near real-time and automatically saved locally in a cache of the user device displaying user interface 500. For example, if a user selects metadata selection option 510 b and chooses “Admin,” then user interface 500 is updated in near real-time such that “Admin” can be displayed in place of “Role.” In this case, near real-time can refer to an amount of time that makes the change without interrupting future user interactions with user interface 500, e.g., without a refreshing user interface 500 and allowing further interaction with other components of user interface 500. Another example of a new presentation being provided occurs when a user selects preview button 516. After selecting preview button 516, a preview view of the educational content objects can be displayed in place of user interface 500. As such, a user can view educational content objects as they would appear in a final version on an enterprise learning system. In some cases, a user may wish to edit an educational content object with a preview pane displayed next to an editor pane to provide instant feedback. As such, a user can enable the preview pane by selecting preview button 516, allowing a user to view changes made in the editor in real-time.

In some implementations, a new presentation of an educational content object is provided to user device 308 a of FIG. 3 after a user's cursor hovers over unit object 504 a of FIG. 5, and the user selects a button that pops up in response to the mouse cursor hovering over unit object 504 a. The button can include text such as “Edit,” which when selected can cause a text editor to be displayed. For example, FIG. 6 shows an example of a rich text editor as part of an integrated development environment, in accordance with some implementations. In FIG. 6, rich text editor 606 includes toolbar 602 and a last saved notification 604. In addition, user interface 600 shows duration 608 of “5 Minutes,” point total 610 of “100 points,” and challenge object indicator 612 indicating, “Challenge added.” Challenge objects can be associated with a unit object, e.g., a final unit object of a module object. A challenge object can be an interactive hands-on challenge within a learning environment that simulates or represents a system or tool within the organization that the user would otherwise use to perform their job like a word processor or order entry application.

In block 228 of FIG. 2, an additional request to add data to the educational content object is received by server 312 of FIG. 3. In some implementations, the request is received from a user using an integrated development environment via a rich text editor. For example, rich text editor 606 of FIG. 6 can be configured to receive rich text and media in near real-time and automatically save changes made in rich text editor 606. In one example, a user copies rich text from their text editor of preference and pastes the rich text into rich text editor 606. In this example, the addition of the rich text is saved automatically, and the rich text is converted to a format suitable for display to an end user, e.g., proper formatting and html tags are applied depending on the type of content posted. For example, <img> tags are applied to any images inserted into rich text editor 606, a <hl> tag can be added to headings such as “Learning Objectives,” a <p> tag for text description under a heading such as “You will be a master seller,” or <li> tags for lists such as “1. know your customer 2. learn all the things 3. be inspired.” In some implementations, a user uses toolbar 602 to select an icon associated with adding an image to insert an appropriate image into rich text editor 606. Other options can be selected using toolbar 602, for instance, insert title, insert sub-title, insert quotation block, insert bullet points, insert numbered list, insert other media, etc.

In some implementations, packaging objects are generated and validated to ensure correctness and/or reduce errors in response to a request to generate an educational content object being. In some implementations, a packaging object can be a compressed arrangement of directories. In one example, a packaging object is a .ZIP file with a variety of files and directories corresponding to the content and metadata of educational content objects 308 a and 308 b of FIG. 3. Packaging objects can be organized according to according to a particular hierarchy, e.g., a logical structure corresponding to relationships between content objects (path objects include module objects, module objects include unit objects, etc.). The hierarchy can define the arrangement of content objects in the packaging object, for instance, if educational content 308 a includes a module object and educational content 308 b includes a unit object, then the module object might be arranged in the packaging object at a higher level of the hierarchy than the unit object. In another example, educational content can include different language versions for the same unit object. As such, a parent directory for “Unit A” might contain a first directory corresponding to an English language version of Unit A, and another directory corresponding to a Japanese language version of Unit A. Directories can include a collection of HTML files, images, and manifest files. A manifest file might be a JSON file or XML file that includes the metadata associated with the content in a directory. A manifest file can describe various attributes of the content. For example, the manifest file can indicate that a unit object is a Japanese language version of a unit object. In another example, the manifest file can indicate whether a path object is private or public, e.g., whether the path object is limited to users of a particular organization, or whether the path object is available to public users.

In block 232 of FIG. 2, the presentation of block 224 is updated. In some implementations, the presentation is updated in response to processing the request to add data to the educational content object. For example, FIGS. 7A and 7B show educational content objects displayed in user interfaces, in accordance with some implementations. In FIG. 7A, user interface 700 a shows educational content objects 704 a-704 f prior to a new educational content object being added using an integrated development environment. In contrast, FIG. 7B shows an example of an updated user interface 700 b as displayed on a computing device presenting educational content objects. User interface 700 b shows content objects 704 a-704 f after a new educational content object has been added using an integrated development environment. In this example, a user has created a new educational content object 708, e.g., “New Trail.” In some implementations, user interface 700 b is displayed after a user selects export button 514 of FIG. 5. In other implementations, user interface 700 b is displayed after a user selects preview button 516 of FIG. 5. In this example, user interface 700 b can be a temporary representation of how educational content object 708 may look among educational content objects 704 a-704 f to an end user.

After user device 304 a of FIG. 3 completes the process of generating educational content objects using an integrated development environment, user device 304 a can provide an indication to share the educational content object with one or more users. In order to share an educational content object and as discussed further above, permissions can be identified for users and levels of access can be determined based on the identified permission. In one example, a determination includes a notification of that the content object sequence has been created and is stored in the database, which can allow any public user to access the shared educational content object.

Systems, apparatus, and methods are described below for implementing database systems and enterprise level social and business information networking systems in conjunction with the disclosed techniques. Such implementations can provide more efficient use of a database system. For instance, a user of a database system may not easily know when important information in the database has changed, e.g., about a project or client. Such implementations can provide feed tracked updates about such changes and other events, thereby keeping users informed.

By way of example, a user can update a record in the form of a CRM record, e.g., an opportunity such as a possible sale of 1000 computers. Once the record update has been made, a feed tracked update about the record update can then automatically be provided, e.g., in a feed, to anyone subscribing to the opportunity or to the user. Thus, the user does not need to contact a manager regarding the change in the opportunity, since the feed tracked update about the update is sent via a feed to the manager's feed page or other page.

FIG. 8A shows a block diagram of an example of an environment 10 in which an on-demand database service exists and can be used in accordance with some implementations. Environment 10 may include user systems 12, network 14, database system 16, processor system 17, application platform 18, network interface 20, tenant data storage 22, system data storage 24, program code 26, and process space 28. In other implementations, environment 10 may not have all of these components and/or may have other components instead of, or in addition to, those listed above.

A user system 12 may be implemented as any computing device(s) or other data processing apparatus such as a machine or system used by a user to access a database system 16. For example, any of user systems 12 can be a handheld and/or portable computing device such as a mobile phone, a smartphone, a laptop computer, or a tablet. Other examples of a user system include computing devices such as a work station and/or a network of computing devices. As illustrated in FIG. 8A (and in more detail in FIG. 8B) user systems 12 might interact via a network 14 with an on-demand database service, which is implemented in the example of FIG. 8A as database system 16.

An on-demand database service, implemented using system 16 by way of example, is a service that is made available to users who do not need to necessarily be concerned with building and/or maintaining the database system. Instead, the database system may be available for their use when the users need the database system, i.e., on the demand of the users. Some on-demand database services may store information from one or more tenants into tables of a common database image to form a multi-tenant database system (MTS). A database image may include one or more database objects. A relational database management system (RDBMS) or the equivalent may execute storage and retrieval of information against the database object(s). Application platform 18 may be a framework that allows the applications of system 16 to run, such as the hardware and/or software, e.g., the operating system. In some implementations, application platform 18 enables creation, managing and executing one or more applications developed by the provider of the on-demand database service, users accessing the on-demand database service via user systems 12, or third party application developers accessing the on-demand database service via user systems 12.

The users of user systems 12 may differ in their respective capacities, and the capacity of a particular user system 12 might be entirely determined by permissions (permission levels) for the current user. For example, when a salesperson is using a particular user system 12 to interact with system 16, the user system has the capacities allotted to that salesperson. However, while an administrator is using that user system to interact with system 16, that user system has the capacities allotted to that administrator. In systems with a hierarchical role model, users at one permission level may have access to applications, data, and database information accessible by a lower permission level user, but may not have access to certain applications, database information, and data accessible by a user at a higher permission level. Thus, different users will have different capabilities with regard to accessing and modifying application and database information, depending on a user's security or permission level, also called authorization.

Network 14 is any network or combination of networks of devices that communicate with one another. For example, network 14 can be any one or any combination of a LAN (local area network), WAN (wide area network), telephone network, wireless network, point-to-point network, star network, token ring network, hub network, or other appropriate configuration. Network 14 can include a TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol and Internet Protocol) network, such as the global internetwork of networks often referred to as the Internet. The Internet will be used in many of the examples herein. However, it should be understood that the networks that the present implementations might use are not so limited.

User systems 12 might communicate with system 16 using TCP/IP and, at a higher network level, use other common Internet protocols to communicate, such as HTTP, FTP, AFS, WAP, etc. In an example where HTTP is used, user system 12 might include an HTTP client commonly referred to as a “browser” for sending and receiving HTTP signals to and from an HTTP server at system 16. Such an HTTP server might be implemented as the sole network interface 20 between system 16 and network 14, but other techniques might be used as well or instead. In some implementations, the network interface 20 between system 16 and network 14 includes load sharing functionality, such as round-robin HTTP request distributors to balance loads and distribute incoming HTTP requests evenly over a plurality of servers. At least for users accessing system 16, each of the plurality of servers has access to the MTS' data; however, other alternative configurations may be used instead.

In one implementation, system 16, shown in FIG. 8A, implements a web-based CRM system. For example, in one implementation, system 16 includes application servers configured to implement and execute CRM software applications as well as provide related data, code, forms, web pages and other information to and from user systems 12 and to store to, and retrieve from, a database system related data, objects, and Webpage content. With a multi-tenant system, data for multiple tenants may be stored in the same physical database object in tenant data storage 22, however, tenant data typically is arranged in the storage medium(s) of tenant data storage 22 so that data of one tenant is kept logically separate from that of other tenants so that one tenant does not have access to another tenant's data, unless such data is expressly shared. In certain implementations, system 16 implements applications other than, or in addition to, a CRM application. For example, system 16 may provide tenant access to multiple hosted (standard and custom) applications, including a CRM application. User (or third party developer) applications, which may or may not include CRM, may be supported by the application platform 18, which manages creation, storage of the applications into one or more database objects and executing of the applications in a virtual machine in the process space of the system 16.

One arrangement for elements of system 16 is shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, including a network interface 20, application platform 18, tenant data storage 22 for tenant data 23, system data storage 24 for system data 25 accessible to system 16 and possibly multiple tenants, program code 26 for implementing various functions of system 16, and a process space 28 for executing MTS system processes and tenant-specific processes, such as running applications as part of an application hosting service. Additional processes that may execute on system 16 include database indexing processes.

Several elements in the system shown in FIG. 8A include conventional, well-known elements that are explained only briefly here. For example, each user system 12 could include a desktop personal computer, workstation, laptop, PDA, cell phone, or any wireless access protocol (WAP) enabled device or any other computing device capable of interfacing directly or indirectly to the Internet or other network connection. The term “computing device” is also referred to herein simply as a “computer”. User system 12 typically runs an HTTP client, e.g., a browsing program, such as Microsoft's Internet Explorer browser, Netscape's Navigator browser, Opera's browser, or a WAP-enabled browser in the case of a cell phone, PDA or other wireless device, or the like, allowing a user (e.g., subscriber of the multi-tenant database system) of user system 12 to access, process and view information, pages and applications available to it from system 16 over network 14. Each user system 12 also typically includes one or more user input devices, such as a keyboard, a mouse, trackball, touch pad, touch screen, pen or the like, for interacting with a GUI provided by the browser on a display (e.g., a monitor screen, LCD display, OLED display, etc.) of the computing device in conjunction with pages, forms, applications and other information provided by system 16 or other systems or servers. Thus, “display device” as used herein can refer to a display of a computer system such as a monitor or touch-screen display, and can refer to any computing device having display capabilities such as a desktop computer, laptop, tablet, smartphone, a television set-top box, or wearable device such Google Glass® or other human body-mounted display apparatus. For example, the display device can be used to access data and applications hosted by system 16, and to perform searches on stored data, and otherwise allow a user to interact with various GUI pages that may be presented to a user. As discussed above, implementations are suitable for use with the Internet, although other networks can be used instead of or in addition to the Internet, such as an intranet, an extranet, a virtual private network (VPN), a non-TCP/IP based network, any LAN or WAN or the like.

According to one implementation, each user system 12 and all of its components are operator configurable using applications, such as a browser, including computer code run using a central processing unit such as an Intel Pentium® processor or the like. Similarly, system 16 (and additional instances of an MTS, where more than one is present) and all of its components might be operator configurable using application(s) including computer code to run using processor system 17, which may be implemented to include a central processing unit, which may include an Intel Pentium® processor or the like, and/or multiple processor units. Non-transitory computer-readable media can have instructions stored thereon/in, that can be executed by or used to program a computing device to perform any of the methods of the implementations described herein. Computer program code 26 implementing instructions for operating and configuring system 16 to intercommunicate and to process web pages, applications and other data and media content as described herein is preferably downloadable and stored on a hard disk, but the entire program code, or portions thereof, may also be stored in any other volatile or non-volatile memory medium or device as is well known, such as a ROM or RAM, or provided on any media capable of storing program code, such as any type of rotating media including floppy disks, optical discs, digital versatile disk (DVD), compact disk (CD), microdrive, and magneto-optical disks, and magnetic or optical cards, nanosystems (including molecular memory ICs), or any other type of computer-readable medium or device suitable for storing instructions and/or data. Additionally, the entire program code, or portions thereof, may be transmitted and downloaded from a software source over a transmission medium, e.g., over the Internet, or from another server, as is well known, or transmitted over any other conventional network connection as is well known (e.g., extranet, VPN, LAN, etc.) using any communication medium and protocols (e.g., TCP/IP, HTTP, HTTPS, Ethernet, etc.) as are well known. It will also be appreciated that computer code for the disclosed implementations can be realized in any programming language that can be executed on a client system and/or server or server system such as, for example, C, C++, HTML, any other markup language, Java™, JavaScript, ActiveX, any other scripting language, such as VBScript, and many other programming languages as are well known may be used. (Java™ is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.).

According to some implementations, each system 16 is configured to provide web pages, forms, applications, data and media content to user (client) systems 12 to support the access by user systems 12 as tenants of system 16. As such, system 16 provides security mechanisms to keep each tenant's data separate unless the data is shared. If more than one MTS is used, they may be located in close proximity to one another (e.g., in a server farm located in a single building or campus), or they may be distributed at locations remote from one another (e.g., one or more servers located in city A and one or more servers located in city B). As used herein, each MTS could include one or more logically and/or physically connected servers distributed locally or across one or more geographic locations. Additionally, the term “server” is meant to refer to one type of computing device such as a system including processing hardware and process space(s), an associated storage medium such as a memory device or database, and, in some instances, a database application (e.g., OODBMS or RDBMS) as is well known in the art. It should also be understood that “server system” and “server” are often used interchangeably herein. Similarly, the database objects described herein can be implemented as single databases, a distributed database, a collection of distributed databases, a database with redundant online or offline backups or other redundancies, etc., and might include a distributed database or storage network and associated processing intelligence.

FIG. 8B shows a block diagram of an example of some implementations of elements of FIG. 8A and various possible interconnections between these elements. That is, FIG. 8B also illustrates environment 10. However, in FIG. 8B elements of system 16 and various interconnections in some implementations are further illustrated. FIG. 8B shows that user system 12 may include processor system 12A, memory system 12B, input system 12C, and output system 12D. FIG. 8B shows network 14 and system 16. FIG. 8B also shows that system 16 may include tenant data storage 22, tenant data 23, system data storage 24, system data 25, User Interface (UI) 30, Application Program Interface (API) 32, PL/SOQL 34, save routines 36, application setup mechanism 38, application servers 50 ₁-50 _(N), system process space 52, tenant process spaces 54, tenant management process space 60, tenant storage space 62, user storage 64, and application metadata 66. In other implementations, environment 10 may not have the same elements as those listed above and/or may have other elements instead of, or in addition to, those listed above.

User system 12, network 14, system 16, tenant data storage 22, and system data storage 24 were discussed above in FIG. 8A. Regarding user system 12, processor system 12A may be any combination of one or more processors. Memory system 12B may be any combination of one or more memory devices, short term, and/or long term memory. Input system 12C may be any combination of input devices, such as one or more keyboards, mice, trackballs, scanners, cameras, and/or interfaces to networks. Output system 12D may be any combination of output devices, such as one or more monitors, printers, and/or interfaces to networks. As shown by FIG. 8B, system 16 may include a network interface 20 (of FIG. 8A) implemented as a set of application servers 50, an application platform 18, tenant data storage 22, and system data storage 24. Also shown is system process space 52, including individual tenant process spaces 54 and a tenant management process space 60. Each application server 50 may be configured to communicate with tenant data storage 22 and the tenant data 23 therein, and system data storage 24 and the system data 25 therein to serve requests of user systems 12. The tenant data 23 might be divided into individual tenant storage spaces 62, which can be either a physical arrangement and/or a logical arrangement of data. Within each tenant storage space 62, user storage 64 and application metadata 66 might be similarly allocated for each user. For example, a copy of a user's most recently used (MRU) items might be stored to user storage 64. Similarly, a copy of MRU items for an entire organization that is a tenant might be stored to tenant storage space 62. A UI 30 provides a user interface and an API 32 provides an application programmer interface to system 16 resident processes to users and/or developers at user systems 12. The tenant data and the system data may be stored in various databases, such as one or more Oracle® databases.

Application platform 18 includes an application setup mechanism 38 that supports application developers' creation and management of applications, which may be saved as metadata into tenant data storage 22 by save routines 36 for execution by subscribers as one or more tenant process spaces 54 managed by tenant management process 60 for example. Invocations to such applications may be coded using PL/SOQL 34 that provides a programming language style interface extension to API 32. A detailed description of some PL/SOQL language implementations is discussed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 7,730,478, titled METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ALLOWING ACCESS TO DEVELOPED APPLICATIONS VIA A MULTI-TENANT ON-DEMAND DATABASE SERVICE, by Craig Weissman, issued on Jun. 1, 2010, and hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety and for all purposes. Invocations to applications may be detected by one or more system processes, which manage retrieving application metadata 66 for the subscriber making the invocation and executing the metadata as an application in a virtual machine.

Each application server 50 may be communicably coupled to database systems, e.g., having access to system data 25 and tenant data 23, via a different network connection. For example, one application server 50 ₁ might be coupled via the network 14 (e.g., the Internet), another application server 50 _(N-1) might be coupled via a direct network link, and another application server 50 _(N) might be coupled by yet a different network connection. Transfer Control Protocol and Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) are typical protocols for communicating between application servers 50 and the database system. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that other transport protocols may be used to optimize the system depending on the network interconnect used.

In certain implementations, each application server 50 is configured to handle requests for any user associated with any organization that is a tenant. Because it is desirable to be able to add and remove application servers from the server pool at any time for any reason, there is preferably no server affinity for a user and/or organization to a specific application server 50. In one implementation, therefore, an interface system implementing a load balancing function (e.g., an F5 Big-IP load balancer) is communicably coupled between the application servers 50 and the user systems 12 to distribute requests to the application servers 50. In one implementation, the load balancer uses a least connections algorithm to route user requests to the application servers 50. Other examples of load balancing algorithms, such as round robin and observed response time, also can be used. For example, in certain implementations, three consecutive requests from the same user could hit three different application servers 50, and three requests from different users could hit the same application server 50. In this manner, by way of example, system 16 is multi-tenant, wherein system 16 handles storage of, and access to, different objects, data and applications across disparate users and organizations.

As an example of storage, one tenant might be a company that employs a sales force where each salesperson uses system 16 to manage their sales process. Thus, a user might maintain contact data, leads data, customer follow-up data, performance data, goals and progress data, etc., all applicable to that user's personal sales process (e.g., in tenant data storage 22). In an example of a MTS arrangement, since all of the data and the applications to access, view, modify, report, transmit, calculate, etc., can be maintained and accessed by a user system having nothing more than network access, the user can manage his or her sales efforts and cycles from any of many different user systems. For example, if a salesperson is visiting a customer and the customer has Internet access in their lobby, the salesperson can obtain critical updates as to that customer while waiting for the customer to arrive in the lobby.

While each user's data might be separate from other users' data regardless of the employers of each user, some data might be organization-wide data shared or accessible by a plurality of users or all of the users for a given organization that is a tenant. Thus, there might be some data structures managed by system 16 that are allocated at the tenant level while other data structures might be managed at the user level. Because an MTS might support multiple tenants including possible competitors, the MTS should have security protocols that keep data, applications, and application use separate. Also, because many tenants may opt for access to an MTS rather than maintain their own system, redundancy, up-time, and backup are additional functions that may be implemented in the MTS. In addition to user-specific data and tenant-specific data, system 16 might also maintain system level data usable by multiple tenants or other data. Such system level data might include industry reports, news, postings, and the like that are sharable among tenants.

In certain implementations, user systems 12 (which may be client systems) communicate with application servers 50 to request and update system-level and tenant-level data from system 16 that may involve sending one or more queries to tenant data storage 22 and/or system data storage 24. System 16 (e.g., an application server 50 in system 16) automatically generates one or more SQL statements (e.g., one or more SQL queries) that are designed to access the desired information. System data storage 24 may generate query plans to access the requested data from the database.

Each database can generally be viewed as a collection of objects, such as a set of logical tables, containing data fitted into predefined categories. A “table” is one representation of a data object, and may be used herein to simplify the conceptual description of objects and custom objects according to some implementations. It should be understood that “table” and “object” may be used interchangeably herein. Each table generally contains one or more data categories logically arranged as columns or fields in a viewable schema. Each row or record of a table contains an instance of data for each category defined by the fields. For example, a CRM database may include a table that describes a customer with fields for basic contact information such as name, address, phone number, fax number, etc. Another table might describe a purchase order, including fields for information such as customer, product, sale price, date, etc. In some multi-tenant database systems, standard entity tables might be provided for use by all tenants. For CRM database applications, such standard entities might include tables for case, account, contact, lead, and opportunity data objects, each containing pre-defined fields. It should be understood that the word “entity” may also be used interchangeably herein with “object” and “table”.

In some multi-tenant database systems, tenants may be allowed to create and store custom objects, or they may be allowed to customize standard entities or objects, for example by creating custom fields for standard objects, including custom index fields. Commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 7,779,039, titled CUSTOM ENTITIES AND FIELDS IN A MULTI-TENANT DATABASE SYSTEM, by Weissman et al., issued on Aug. 17, 2010, and hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety and for all purposes, teaches systems and methods for creating custom objects as well as customizing standard objects in a multi-tenant database system. In certain implementations, for example, all custom entity data rows are stored in a single multi-tenant physical table, which may contain multiple logical tables per organization. It is transparent to customers that their multiple “tables” are in fact stored in one large table or that their data may be stored in the same table as the data of other customers.

FIG. 9A shows a system diagram of an example of architectural components of an on-demand database service environment 900, in accordance with some implementations. A client machine located in the cloud 904, generally referring to one or more networks in combination, as described herein, may communicate with the on-demand database service environment via one or more edge routers 908 and 912. A client machine can be any of the examples of user systems 12 described above. The edge routers may communicate with one or more core switches 920 and 924 via firewall 916. The core switches may communicate with a load balancer 928, which may distribute server load over different pods, such as the pods 940 and 944. The pods 940 and 944, which may each include one or more servers and/or other computing resources, may perform data processing and other operations used to provide on-demand services. Communication with the pods may be conducted via pod switches 932 and 936. Components of the on-demand database service environment may communicate with a database storage 956 via a database firewall 948 and a database switch 952.

As shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, accessing an on-demand database service environment may involve communications transmitted among a variety of different hardware and/or software components. Further, the on-demand database service environment 900 is a simplified representation of an actual on-demand database service environment. For example, while only one or two devices of each type are shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, some implementations of an on-demand database service environment may include anywhere from one to many devices of each type. Also, the on-demand database service environment need not include each device shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, or may include additional devices not shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B.

Moreover, one or more of the devices in the on-demand database service environment 900 may be implemented on the same physical device or on different hardware. Some devices may be implemented using hardware or a combination of hardware and software. Thus, terms such as “data processing apparatus,” “machine,” “server” and “device” as used herein are not limited to a single hardware device, but rather include any hardware and software configured to provide the described functionality.

The cloud 904 is intended to refer to a data network or combination of data networks, often including the Internet. Client machines located in the cloud 904 may communicate with the on-demand database service environment to access services provided by the on-demand database service environment. For example, client machines may access the on-demand database service environment to retrieve, store, edit, and/or process information.

In some implementations, the edge routers 908 and 912 route packets between the cloud 904 and other components of the on-demand database service environment 900. The edge routers 908 and 912 may employ the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). The BGP is the core routing protocol of the Internet. The edge routers 908 and 912 may maintain a table of IP networks or ‘prefixes’, which designate network reachability among autonomous systems on the Internet.

In one or more implementations, the firewall 916 may protect the inner components of the on-demand database service environment 900 from Internet traffic. The firewall 916 may block, permit, or deny access to the inner components of the on-demand database service environment 900 based upon a set of rules and other criteria. The firewall 916 may act as one or more of a packet filter, an application gateway, a stateful filter, a proxy server, or any other type of firewall.

In some implementations, the core switches 920 and 924 are high-capacity switches that transfer packets within the on-demand database service environment 900. The core switches 920 and 924 may be configured as network bridges that quickly route data between different components within the on-demand database service environment. In some implementations, the use of two or more core switches 920 and 924 may provide redundancy and/or reduced latency.

In some implementations, the pods 940 and 944 may perform the core data processing and service functions provided by the on-demand database service environment. Each pod may include various types of hardware and/or software computing resources. An example of the pod architecture is discussed in greater detail with reference to FIG. 9B.

In some implementations, communication between the pods 940 and 944 may be conducted via the pod switches 932 and 936. The pod switches 932 and 936 may facilitate communication between the pods 940 and 944 and client machines located in the cloud 904, for example via core switches 920 and 924. Also, the pod switches 932 and 936 may facilitate communication between the pods 940 and 944 and the database storage 956.

In some implementations, the load balancer 928 may distribute workload between the pods 940 and 944. Balancing the on-demand service requests between the pods may assist in improving the use of resources, increasing throughput, reducing response times, and/or reducing overhead. The load balancer 928 may include multilayer switches to analyze and forward traffic.

In some implementations, access to the database storage 956 may be guarded by a database firewall 948. The database firewall 948 may act as a computer application firewall operating at the database application layer of a protocol stack. The database firewall 948 may protect the database storage 956 from application attacks such as structure query language (SQL) injection, database rootkits, and unauthorized information disclosure.

In some implementations, the database firewall 948 may include a host using one or more forms of reverse proxy services to proxy traffic before passing it to a gateway router. The database firewall 948 may inspect the contents of database traffic and block certain content or database requests. The database firewall 948 may work on the SQL application level atop the TCP/IP stack, managing applications' connection to the database or SQL management interfaces as well as intercepting and enforcing packets traveling to or from a database network or application interface.

In some implementations, communication with the database storage 956 may be conducted via the database switch 952. The multi-tenant database storage 956 may include more than one hardware and/or software components for handling database queries. Accordingly, the database switch 952 may direct database queries transmitted by other components of the on-demand database service environment (e.g., the pods 940 and 944) to the correct components within the database storage 956.

In some implementations, the database storage 956 is an on-demand database system shared by many different organizations. The on-demand database service may employ a multi-tenant approach, a virtualized approach, or any other type of database approach. On-demand database services are discussed in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 9A and 9B.

FIG. 9B shows a system diagram further illustrating an example of architectural components of an on-demand database service environment, in accordance with some implementations. The pod 944 may be used to render services to a user of the on-demand database service environment 900. In some implementations, each pod may include a variety of servers and/or other systems. The pod 944 includes one or more content batch servers 964, content search servers 968, query servers 982, file servers 986, access control system (ACS) servers 980, batch servers 984, and app servers 988. Also, the pod 944 includes database instances 990, quick file systems (QFS) 992, and indexers 994. In one or more implementations, some or all communication between the servers in the pod 944 may be transmitted via the switch 936.

The content batch servers 964 may handle requests internal to the pod. These requests may be long-running and/or not tied to a particular customer. For example, the content batch servers 964 may handle requests related to log mining, cleanup work, and maintenance tasks.

The content search servers 968 may provide query and indexer functions. For example, the functions provided by the content search servers 968 may allow users to search through content stored in the on-demand database service environment.

The file servers 986 may manage requests for information stored in the file storage 998. The file storage 998 may store information such as documents, images, and basic large objects (BLOBs). By managing requests for information using the file servers 986, the image footprint on the database may be reduced.

The query servers 982 may be used to retrieve information from one or more file systems. For example, the query system 982 may receive requests for information from the app servers 988 and then transmit information queries to the NFS 996 located outside the pod.

The pod 944 may share a database instance 990 configured as a multi-tenant environment in which different organizations share access to the same database. Additionally, services rendered by the pod 944 may call upon various hardware and/or software resources. In some implementations, the ACS servers 980 may control access to data, hardware resources, or software resources.

In some implementations, the batch servers 984 may process batch jobs, which are used to run tasks at specified times. Thus, the batch servers 984 may transmit instructions to other servers, such as the app servers 988, to trigger the batch jobs.

In some implementations, the QFS 992 may be an open source file system available from Sun Microsystems® of Santa Clara, Calif. The QFS may serve as a rapid-access file system for storing and accessing information available within the pod 944. The QFS 992 may support some volume management capabilities, allowing many disks to be grouped together into a file system. File system metadata can be kept on a separate set of disks, which may be useful for streaming applications where long disk seeks cannot be tolerated. Thus, the QFS system may communicate with one or more content search servers 968 and/or indexers 994 to identify, retrieve, move, and/or update data stored in the network file systems 996 and/or other storage systems.

In some implementations, one or more query servers 982 may communicate with the NFS 996 to retrieve and/or update information stored outside of the pod 944. The NFS 996 may allow servers located in the pod 944 to access information to access files over a network in a manner similar to how local storage is accessed. In some implementations, queries from the query servers 922 may be transmitted to the NFS 996 via the load balancer 928, which may distribute resource requests over various resources available in the on-demand database service environment. The NFS 996 may also communicate with the QFS 992 to update the information stored on the NFS 996 and/or to provide information to the QFS 992 for use by servers located within the pod 944.

In some implementations, the pod may include one or more database instances 990. The database instance 990 may transmit information to the QFS 992. When information is transmitted to the QFS, it may be available for use by servers within the pod 944 without using an additional database call.

In some implementations, database information may be transmitted to the indexer 994. Indexer 994 may provide an index of information available in the database 990 and/or QFS 992. The index information may be provided to file servers 986 and/or the QFS 992.

Some but not all of the techniques described or referenced herein are implemented as part of or in conjunction with a social networking database system, also referred to herein as a social networking system or as a social network. Social networking systems have become a popular way to facilitate communication among people, any of whom can be recognized as users of a social networking system. One example of a social networking system is Chatter®, provided by salesforce.com, inc. of San Francisco, Calif. salesforce.com, inc. is a provider of social networking services, CRM services and other database management services, any of which can be accessed and used in conjunction with the techniques disclosed herein in some implementations. These various services can be provided in a cloud computing environment, for example, in the context of a multi-tenant database system. Thus, the disclosed techniques can be implemented without having to install software locally, that is, on computing devices of users interacting with services available through the cloud. While the disclosed implementations are often described with reference to Chatter®, those skilled in the art should understand that the disclosed techniques are neither limited to Chatter® nor to any other services and systems provided by salesforce.com, inc. and can be implemented in the context of various other database systems and/or social networking systems such as Facebook®, LinkedIn®, Twitter®, Google+®, Yammer® and Jive® by way of example only.

Some social networking systems can be implemented in various settings, including organizations. For instance, a social networking system can be implemented to connect users within an enterprise such as a company or business partnership, or a group of users within such an organization. For instance, Chatter® can be used by employee users in a division of a business organization to share data, communicate, and collaborate with each other for various social purposes often involving the business of the organization. In the example of a multi-tenant database system, each organization or group within the organization can be a respective tenant of the system, as described in greater detail herein.

In some social networking systems, users can access one or more social network feeds, which include information updates presented as items or entries in the feed. Such a feed item can include a single information update or a collection of individual information updates. A feed item can include various types of data including character-based data, audio data, image data and/or video data. A social network feed can be displayed in a graphical user interface (GUI) on a display device such as the display of a computing device as described herein. The information updates can include various social network data from various sources and can be stored in an on-demand database service environment. In some implementations, the disclosed methods, apparatus, systems, and computer-readable storage media may be configured or designed for use in a multi-tenant database environment.

In some implementations, a social networking system may allow a user to follow data objects in the form of CRM records such as cases, accounts, or opportunities, in addition to following individual users and groups of users. The “following” of a record stored in a database, as described in greater detail herein, allows a user to track the progress of that record when the user is subscribed to the record. Updates to the record, also referred to herein as changes to the record, are one type of information update that can occur and be noted on a social network feed such as a record feed or a news feed of a user subscribed to the record. Examples of record updates include field changes in the record, updates to the status of a record, as well as the creation of the record itself. Some records are publicly accessible, such that any user can follow the record, while other records are private, for which appropriate security clearance/permissions are a prerequisite to a user following the record.

Information updates can include various types of updates, which may or may not be linked with a particular record. For example, information updates can be social media messages submitted by a user or can otherwise be generated in response to user actions or in response to events. Examples of social media messages include: posts, comments, indications of a user's personal preferences such as “likes” and “dislikes”, updates to a user's status, uploaded files, and user-submitted hyperlinks to social network data or other network data such as various documents and/or web pages on the Internet. Posts can include alpha-numeric or other character-based user inputs such as words, phrases, statements, questions, emotional expressions, and/or symbols. Comments generally refer to responses to posts or to other information updates, such as words, phrases, statements, answers, questions, and reactionary emotional expressions and/or symbols. Multimedia data can be included in, linked with, or attached to a post or comment. For example, a post can include textual statements in combination with a JPEG image or animated image. A like or dislike can be submitted in response to a particular post or comment. Examples of uploaded files include presentations, documents, multimedia files, and the like.

Users can follow a record by subscribing to the record, as mentioned above. Users can also follow other entities such as other types of data objects, other users, and groups of users. Feed tracked updates regarding such entities are one type of information update that can be received and included in the user's news feed. Any number of users can follow a particular entity and thus view information updates pertaining to that entity on the users' respective news feeds. In some social networks, users may follow each other by establishing connections with each other, sometimes referred to as “friending” one another. By establishing such a connection, one user may be able to see information generated by, generated about, or otherwise associated with another user. For instance, a first user may be able to see information posted by a second user to the second user's personal social network page. One implementation of such a personal social network page is a user's profile page, for example, in the form of a web page representing the user's profile. In one example, when the first user is following the second user, the first user's news feed can receive a post from the second user submitted to the second user's profile feed. A user's profile feed is also referred to herein as the user's “wall,” which is one example of a social network feed displayed on the user's profile page.

In some implementations, a social network feed may be specific to a group of users of a social networking system. For instance, a group of users may publish a news feed. Members of the group may view and post to this group feed in accordance with a permissions configuration for the feed and the group. Information updates in a group context can also include changes to group status information.

In some implementations, when data such as posts or comments input from one or more users are submitted to a social network feed for a particular user, group, object, or other construct within a social networking system, an email notification or other type of network communication may be transmitted to all users following the user, group, or object in addition to the inclusion of the data as a feed item in one or more feeds, such as a user's profile feed, a news feed, or a record feed. In some social networking systems, the occurrence of such a notification is limited to the first instance of a published input, which may form part of a larger conversation. For instance, a notification may be transmitted for an initial post, but not for comments on the post. In some other implementations, a separate notification is transmitted for each such information update.

The term “multi-tenant database system” generally refers to those systems in which various elements of hardware and/or software of a database system may be shared by one or more customers. For example, a given application server may simultaneously process requests for a great number of customers, and a given database table may store rows of data such as feed items for a potentially much greater number of customers.

An example of a “user profile” or “user's profile” is a database object or set of objects configured to store and maintain data about a given user of a social networking system and/or database system. The data can include general information, such as name, title, phone number, a photo, a biographical summary, and a status, e.g., text describing what the user is currently doing. As mentioned herein, the data can include social media messages created by other users. Where there are multiple tenants, a user is typically associated with a particular tenant. For example, a user could be a salesperson of a company, which is a tenant of the database system that provides a database service.

The term “record” generally refers to a data entity having fields with values and stored in database system. An example of a record is an instance of a data object created by a user of the database service, for example, in the form of a CRM record about a particular (actual or potential) business relationship or project. The record can have a data structure defined by the database service (a standard object) or defined by a user (custom object). For example, a record can be for a business partner or potential business partner (e.g., a client, vendor, distributor, etc.) of the user, and can include information describing an entire company, subsidiaries, or contacts at the company. As another example, a record can be a project that the user is working on, such as an opportunity (e.g., a possible sale) with an existing partner, or a project that the user is trying to get. In one implementation of a multi-tenant database system, each record for the tenants has a unique identifier stored in a common table. A record has data fields that are defined by the structure of the object (e.g., fields of certain data types and purposes). A record can also have custom fields defined by a user. A field can be another record or include links thereto, thereby providing a parent-child relationship between the records.

The terms “social network feed” and “feed” are used interchangeably herein and generally refer to a combination (e.g., a list) of feed items or entries with various types of information and data. Such feed items can be stored and maintained in one or more database tables, e.g., as rows in the table(s), that can be accessed to retrieve relevant information to be presented as part of a displayed feed. The term “feed item” (or feed element) generally refers to an item of information, which can be presented in the feed such as a post submitted by a user. Feed items of information about a user can be presented in a user's profile feed of the database, while feed items of information about a record can be presented in a record feed in the database, by way of example. A profile feed and a record feed are examples of different types of social network feeds. A second user following a first user and a record can receive the feed items associated with the first user and the record for display in the second user's news feed, which is another type of social network feed. In some implementations, the feed items from any number of followed users and records can be combined into a single social network feed of a particular user.

As examples, a feed item can be a social media message, such as a user-generated post of text data, and a feed tracked update to a record or profile, such as a change to a field of the record. Feed tracked updates are described in greater detail herein. A feed can be a combination of social media messages and feed tracked updates. Social media messages include text created by a user, and may include other data as well. Examples of social media messages include posts, user status updates, and comments. Social media messages can be created for a user's profile or for a record. Posts can be created by various users, potentially any user, although some restrictions can be applied. As an example, posts can be made to a wall section of a user's profile page (which can include a number of recent posts) or a section of a record that includes multiple posts. The posts can be organized in chronological order when displayed in a GUI, for instance, on the user's profile page, as part of the user's profile feed. In contrast to a post, a user status update changes a status of a user and can be made by that user or an administrator. A record can also have a status, the update of which can be provided by an owner of the record or other users having suitable write access permissions to the record. The owner can be a single user, multiple users, or a group.

In some implementations, a comment can be made on any feed item. In some implementations, comments are organized as a list explicitly tied to a particular feed tracked update, post, or status update. In some implementations, comments may not be listed in the first layer (in a hierarchal sense) of feed items, but listed as a second layer branching from a particular first layer feed item.

A “feed tracked update,” also referred to herein as a “feed update,” is one type of information update and generally refers to data representing an event. A feed tracked update can include text generated by the database system in response to the event, to be provided as one or more feed items for possible inclusion in one or more feeds. In one implementation, the data can initially be stored, and then the database system can later use the data to create text for describing the event. Both the data and/or the text can be a feed tracked update, as used herein. In various implementations, an event can be an update of a record and/or can be triggered by a specific action by a user. Which actions trigger an event can be configurable. Which events have feed tracked updates created and which feed updates are sent to which users can also be configurable. Social media messages and other types of feed updates can be stored as a field or child object of the record. For example, the feed can be stored as a child object of the record.

A “group” is generally a collection of users. In some implementations, the group may be defined as users with a same or similar attribute, or by membership. In some implementations, a “group feed”, also referred to herein as a “group news feed”, includes one or more feed items about any user in the group. In some implementations, the group feed also includes information updates and other feed items that are about the group as a whole, the group's purpose, the group's description, and group records and other objects stored in association with the group. Threads of information updates including group record updates and social media messages, such as posts, comments, likes, etc., can define group conversations and change over time.

An “entity feed” or “record feed” generally refers to a feed of feed items about a particular record in the database. Such feed items can include feed tracked updates about changes to the record and posts made by users about the record. An entity feed can be composed of any type of feed item. Such a feed can be displayed on a page such as a web page associated with the record, e.g., a home page of the record. As used herein, a “profile feed” or “user's profile feed” generally refers to a feed of feed items about a particular user. In one example, the feed items for a profile feed include posts and comments that other users make about or send to the particular user, and status updates made by the particular user. Such a profile feed can be displayed on a page associated with the particular user. In another example, feed items in a profile feed could include posts made by the particular user and feed tracked updates initiated based on actions of the particular user.

While some of the disclosed implementations may be described with reference to a system having an application server providing a front end for an on-demand database service capable of supporting multiple tenants, the disclosed implementations are not limited to multi-tenant databases nor deployment on application servers. Some implementations may be practiced using various database architectures such as ORACLE®, DB2® by IBM and the like without departing from the scope of the implementations claimed.

It should be understood that some of the disclosed implementations can be embodied in the form of control logic using hardware and/or computer software in a modular or integrated manner. Other ways and/or methods are possible using hardware and a combination of hardware and software.

Any of the disclosed implementations may be embodied in various types of hardware, software, firmware, and combinations thereof. For example, some techniques disclosed herein may be implemented, at least in part, by computer-readable media that include program instructions, state information, etc., for performing various services and operations described herein. Examples of program instructions include both machine code, such as produced by a compiler, and files containing higher-level code that may be executed by a computing device such as a server or other data processing apparatus using an interpreter. Examples of computer-readable media include, but are not limited to: magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tape; optical media such as flash memory, compact disk (CD) or digital versatile disk (DVD); magneto-optical media; and hardware devices specially configured to store program instructions, such as read-only memory (“ROM”) devices and random access memory (“RAM”) devices. A computer-readable medium may be any combination of such storage devices.

Any of the operations and techniques described in this application may be implemented as software code to be executed by a processor using any suitable computer language such as, for example, Java, C++ or Perl using, for example, object-oriented techniques. The software code may be stored as a series of instructions or commands on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media encoded with the software/program code may be packaged with a compatible device or provided separately from other devices (e.g., via Internet download). Any such computer-readable medium may reside on or within a single computing device or an entire computer system, and may be among other computer-readable media within a system or network. A computer system or computing device may include a monitor, printer, or other suitable display for providing any of the results mentioned herein to a user.

While various implementations have been described herein, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present application should not be limited by any of the implementations described herein, but should be defined only in accordance with the following and later-submitted claims and their equivalents. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An enterprise learning management system comprising: a server system comprising one or more hardware processors, the server system configurable to cause: providing, to a user device, first user interface data configured to be processed by the user device to cause display in a user interface of a first presentation of a learning item comprising a list of activities configurable to provide educational content comprising one or more of: a video, a document, or a web link; obtaining, from the user device, a request to create a first activity in the list of activities; creating or updating a data object in a database to track the first activity in association with the learning item; providing, to the user device, second user interface data configured to be processed by the user device to cause display in the user interface of a second presentation of the learning item comprising the first activity as one of the list of activities, the second presentation of the learning item comprising a plurality of selection options for changing the learning item, the selection options comprising one or more of: creating an activity, deleting an activity, or editing an activity; obtaining, from the user device, a selection of a first one of the selection options; responsive to obtaining the selection of the first selection option, changing the learning item according to the first selection option; providing, to the user device, third user interface data configured to be processed by the user device to cause display in the user interface of a third presentation of the learning item in which an activity in the list of activities has been created, deleted or edited; obtaining, from the user device, a selection of a social selection option displayed in at least one of the first presentation, the second presentation or the third presentation of the learning item; responsive to obtaining the selection of the social selection option, sending an invitation to individuals of an organization to collaborate about the learning item using social collaboration; and creating or updating a data object in the database to track the changed learning item.
 2. The enterprise learning management system of claim 1, the server system further configurable to cause: obtaining, from the user device, a selection of the educational content; and automatically creating or updating the learning item based on the selected content.
 3. The enterprise learning management system of claim 1, the server system further configurable to cause: creating or updating a historical record in a database to track one or more conversations associated with the learning item.
 4. The enterprise learning management system of claim 1, the server system further configurable to cause: publishing the educational content to individuals of an organization having one or more job roles relevant to the educational content.
 5. The enterprise learning management system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first presentation, the second presentation or the third presentation of the learning item comprises details comprising one or more of: a description, a status, a delivery mode or a duration.
 6. The enterprise learning management system of claim 1, wherein the learning item is associated with one or more of: a project, a task or an application.
 7. A computer program product comprising computer-readable program code to be executed by one or more processors when retrieved from a non-transitory computer-readable medium, the program code comprising instructions configurable to cause: providing, to a user device, first user interface data configured to be processed by the user device to cause display in a user interface of a first presentation of a learning item comprising a list of activities configurable to provide educational content comprising one or more of: a video, a document, or a web link; obtaining, from the user device, a request to create a first activity in the list of activities; creating or updating a data object in a database to track the first activity in association with the learning item; providing, to the user device, second user interface data configured to be processed by the user device to cause display in the user interface of a second presentation of the learning item comprising the first activity as one of the list of activities, the second presentation of the learning item comprising a plurality of selection options for changing the learning item, the selection options comprising one or more of: creating an activity, deleting an activity, or editing an activity; obtaining, from the user device, a selection of a first one of the selection options; responsive to obtaining the selection of the first selection option, changing the learning item according to the first selection option; providing, to the user device, third user interface data configured to be processed by the user device to cause display in the user interface of a third presentation of the learning item in which an activity in the list of activities has been created, deleted or edited; obtaining, from the user device, a selection of a social selection option displayed in at least one of the first presentation, the second presentation or the third presentation of the learning item; responsive to obtaining the selection of the social selection option, sending an invitation to individuals of an organization to collaborate about the learning item using social collaboration; and creating or updating a data object in the database to track the changed learning item.
 8. The computer program product of claim 7, the instructions further configurable to cause: obtaining, from the user device, a selection of the educational content; and automatically creating or updating the learning item based on the selected content.
 9. The computer program product of claim 7, the instructions further configurable to cause: creating or updating a historical record in a database to track one or more conversations associated with the learning item.
 10. The computer program product of claim 7, the instructions further configurable to cause: publishing the educational content to individuals of an organization having one or more job roles relevant to the educational content.
 11. The computer program product of claim 7, wherein at least one of the first presentation, the second presentation or the third presentation of the learning item comprises details comprising one or more of: a description, a status, a delivery mode or a duration.
 12. The computer program product of claim 7, wherein the learning item is associated with one or more of: a project, a task or an application.
 13. A method comprising: providing, to a user device, first user interface data configured to be processed by the user device to cause display in a user interface of a first presentation of a learning item comprising a list of activities configurable to provide educational content comprising one or more of: a video, a document, or a web link; obtaining, from the user device, a request to create a first activity in the list of activities; creating or updating a data object in a database to track the first activity in association with the learning item; providing, to the user device, second user interface data configured to be processed by the user device to cause display in the user interface of a second presentation of the learning item comprising the first activity as one of the list of activities, the second presentation of the learning item comprising a plurality of selection options for changing the learning item, the selection options comprising one or more of: creating an activity, deleting an activity, or editing an activity; obtaining, from the user device, a selection of a first one of the selection options; responsive to obtaining the selection of the first selection option, changing the learning item according to the first selection option; providing, to the user device, third user interface data configured to be processed by the user device to cause display in the user interface of a third presentation of the learning item in which an activity in the list of activities has been created, deleted or edited; obtaining, from the user device, a selection of a social selection option displayed in at least one of the first presentation, the second presentation or the third presentation of the learning item; responsive to obtaining the selection of the social selection option, sending an invitation to individuals of an organization to collaborate about the learning item using social collaboration; and creating or updating a data object in the database to track the changed learning item.
 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising: obtaining, from the user device, a selection of the educational content; and automatically creating or updating the learning item based on the selected content.
 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising: creating or updating a historical record in a database to track one or more conversations associated with the learning item.
 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising: publishing the educational content to individuals of an organization having one or more job roles relevant to the educational content.
 17. The method of claim 13, wherein at least one of the first presentation, the second presentation or the third presentation of the learning item comprises details comprising one or more of: a description, a status, a delivery mode or a duration. 